'&' 


PROFESSOR    SATTLER'S 


These  Works  of  ART  consist  of  an  EXTENSIVE  COLLECTION 
of  LANDSCAPES  and  SEA  VIEWS,  taken  from  Nature  by 
Professor  SATTLER,  of  Vienna.  They  have  been  made 
during  many  years  of  travel  through  Europe,  Greece,  Turkey, 
Asia  Minor,  Syria,  the  Holy  Land,  Egypt,  Nubia  and  Arabia ; 
and  are  painted  in  oil,  with  great  accuracy. 


LAST    SERIES. 


No.  1.  —  Mount  More!)   and  Convent   St.  Catherine. 


This  mountain  forms  a  kind  of  foundation,  from  which  Sinai 
rises.  The  former  alone  is  seen  from  the  valley,  which  accounts 
for  the  appearance  of  the  burning  bush  on  that  mountain,  and  not 
on  Sinai.  The  elevation  of  the  Convent  above  the  sea,  is  about 
4,966  feet.  It  has  been  built  in  the  form  of  a  square  fortress  of 
hewn  granite  and  flanked  with  towers,  of  which  one  or  two  are 
provided  with  cannon.  Thus  situated  in  a  country  where,  from 
the  general  helplessness  of  the  monks,  it  would  not  remain  un- 
molested by  the  Arabs  for  a  single  day,  strength  forms  its  chief 
security,  for  it  is  accessible  only  by  a  projecting  trap-door,  guarded 


by  another  of  iron  about  30  feet  above  the  ground.  The  means 
of  access  are  a  loop-rope  and  capstan,  by  which  the  traveller  is 
drawn  up.  The  Convent  is  large,  and  resembles  a  small  town, 
containing  many  buildings,  several  courts  and  store-houses,  a 
mosque  and  a  chapel.  It  has  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  pure 
water  from  a  well,  which  is  said  to  be  that  of  Jethro,  the  father- 
in-law  of  Moses,  to  which  the  great  lawgiver  led  his  flocks,  while 
he  was  yet  living  in  obscurity  in  Midian.  The  convent  has  been 
built  upon  the  spot  where,  according  to  tradition,  God  spake  to 
Moses  out  of  the  burning  bush.  From  the  sacred  character  of  the 
spot,  many  ascetics  and  anchorites  established  themselves  in 
recesses  in  these  mountains  as  early  as  the  fourth  century  ;  but 
the  convent  was  established  by  Justinian  A.  D.  527,  on  the  site 
where  a  small  church  had  been  built  by  the  Empress  Helena.  The 
discipline  of  these  monks  is  very  severe.  They  are  obliged  to 
attend  mass  twice  in  the  day  and  twice  in  the  night.  The  rule  is 
that  they  shall  taste  no  flesh  whatever  all  the  year  round,  and  in 
their  fast  they  not  only  abstain  from  butter  and  every  kind  of 
animal  food  and  fish,  but  also  from  oil,  and  live  four  days  in  the 
week  on  bread  and  boiled  vegetables.  The  latter  they  obtain 
from  a  pleasant  garden  adjoining  the  building;  the  fruits  are  of 
the  finest  quality.  There  are  now  23  monks,  of  which  each  has 
some  profession  and  his  own  workshop. 

No.  2. — Interior  View  of  the  Church  of  the  Iloly  Sepulchre. 

This  is  a  rotunda,  with  columns  and  pillars  supporting  a  gallery; 
and  over  them  is  a  cupola,  with  a  round  open  window  at  the  top. 
Just  in  the  centre  of  this  rotunda  stands  a  chapel  of  red  marble, 
twenty  feet  in  length,  six  in  breadth,  and  fifteen  feet  high,  within 
which  is  the  Holy  Tomb  of  Jesus  Christ.  Over  the  entrance  to 
this  chapel  extends  a  blue  canopy,  to  protect  the  twelve  gigantic 
candles  against  wind  and  rain.  The  church  itself  is  a  very 
irregular  building,  founded  by  the  Empress  Helena,  and  enlarged 
under  the  reign  of  the  Christian  kings. 

No.  3.  —  View  of  the  Crater  of  the  Volcano  Vesuvius,  near 
Naples,  as  it  appeared  in  the  Spring  of  1845. 

The  point  of  observation  is  just  on  the  border  of  the  crater. 
In  the  midst  of  this  deep  basin,  a  small  conical  volcano  rises, 
emitting  by  turns,  smoke,  steam,  lire,  ashes,  red-hot  stones  and 


melted  materials,  accompanied  by  sounds  in  the  interior  of  the 
mountain.  At  the  same  time  there  rises  at  the  foot  of  this  fire- 
cone  quantities  of  melted  lava,  which  at  length  fills  up  the  whole 
crater,  and  then  flows  over  the  border  and  down  the  slope  of  the 
volcano. 

No.  4.  —  The  Ruins  of  Luxor,  in  Theban  Egypt. 

Two  miles  from  Karnak,  near  the  bank  of  the  river,  stands  its 
rival  the  Temple  of  Luxor.  An  avenue  of  sphinxes  once  extended 
from  one  to  the  other,  but  none  of  them  now  remain  near  Luxor. 
The  gorgeous  gateway  of  this  Temple  is  70  feet  high.  In  front 
of  this  once  stood  two  of  the  most  perfect  obelisks  in  the  world, 
each  consisting  of  a  single  block  of  red  granite  80  feet  high,  and 
retaining  in  most  beautiful  perfection  the  mystic  hieroglyphics  with 
which  they  are  adorned  ;  one  of  them,  strangely  enough,  now 
rears  its  lonely  point  in  the  midst  of  the  Place  de  la  Concorde,  in 
Paris.  There  are  also  two  colossal  statues  which,  though  half 
buried,  still  measure  22  feet  from  the  present  level  of  the  soil  to 
the  top  of  their  fantastic  helmets.  The  remains  of  this  Temple  are 
not  nearly  so  extensive  as  those  of  Karnak,  although  much  in  the 
same  style,  the  same  sculptured  wall,  heavy  pillars,  and  grotesque 
figures.  At  Luxor  it  is  difficult  to  see  the  ruins,  the  wretched 
hovels  of  the  modern  Egyptians  so  encumber  the  stately  columns 
and  mystic  walls  of  other  days.  The  history  of  the  past  and 
present  is  written  here.     Magnificence  and  ruin  rest  side  by  side. 


No.  5.  —  View  of  a  Sand-Storm  in  the  Lybian  Desert,  near 
the  Pyramids  ©f  GSMzch. 

Standing  near  the  largest  Pyramid,  just  in  front  and  to  the  South 
is  seen  the  gigantic  Sphinx :  from  all  sides  rise  immense  whirls  of 
sand,  which  threaten  every  moment  to  cover  the  Arab  merchants, 
who  hurry  to  reach  the  shelter  of  the  pyramids.  This  wind,  called 
Kamsin,  generally  rises  in  May  or  Juue.  The  atmosphere  becomes 
thick  and  dense,  and  of  a  red  color ;  an  intense  heat  prevails,  and 
the  puffs  of  wind  seem  to  come  from  a  burning  furnace,  and 
suffocate  men  and  animals.  The  camel,  native  of  the  desert,  buries 
its  head  in  the  sand,  thus  striving  to  protect  itself  from  this 
destructive  wind. 


No.  6.  —  The  Exterior  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre, 
and  its  Entrance,  in  Jerusalem. 

This  Church  was  founded  by  the  Empress  Helena,  and  built 
over  the  Holy  Sepulchre  ;  but  other  Christian  kings  have  also  en- 
closed in  the  same  building  the  place  of  the  Crucifixion,  and  other 
holy  ground  ;  consequently  there  has  arisen  a  very  irregular  struc- 
ture. The  only  entrance  to  the  Church,  which  is  daily  opened  for 
a  certain  time,  is  watched  by  the  Turks,  who  have  the  keys.  In 
former  times,  each  pilgrim  was  obliged  to  pay  tribute  before  he 
could  enter  into  the  church.  The  front  is  built  in  a  fine  Byzantian 
style,  and  had  two  portals,  but  one  was  closed  up  by  the  Turks. 
There  was  formerly  a  portico,  the  remains  of  which  are  seen  in 
the  foreground.  On  the  left  of  the  church  is  the  steeple,  which 
was  taken  off  by  the  Turks,  because  they  do  not  allow  Christian 
churches  to  have  high  steeples.  Near  the  entrance  is  a  staircase 
which  leads  to  the  chapel  of  St.  John,  which  is  built  on  that  part 
of  Mount  Golgotha  where  St.  John  stood  when  Christ  was  fixed 
on  the  cross.  The  buildings  near  the  church  are  mostly  inhabited 
by  Greek  priests.  On  the  court  before  the  church,  are  seen  Turks, 
Arabs,  and  Bedouins.  The  two  figures  in  white  dresses  with  dark 
veils,  are  women  of  Jerusalem. 

No.  7.  —  View  of  Nassfcld ;  four  hours'  journey  from  the 

Bath  Gastein. 

It  is  a  valley  in  the  Alps,  five  thousand  feet  above  the  sea,  with 
flourishing  Alpine  flowers,  and  a  view  of  the  Glacier,  nine  thousand 
feet  high,  where  rises  the  spring  of  this  river,  which  forms  the 
large  cataract  near  Gastein. 


■sv 


No.  8.  —  View  of  the  Colossal  Statues  of  Mcmnon. 

They  are  sixty  feet  high,  in  Theban  Egypt,  and  taken  at  the 
time  of  inundation  of  the  Nile.  These  statues  are  hewn  from  a 
single  block  of  sand-stone,  breccia,  from  the  quarries  sixty  miles 
to  the  soutli  of  Thebes.  They  are  about  an  hour's  distance  from 
the  west  shore  of  the  Nile,  opposite  Luxor,  not  far  from  Medinet 
Abu.  They  represent  the  king  Amenoph  III.,  who  reigned  six- 
teen hundred  and  eighty-six  years  before  Christ.  He  erected 
them  for  the  entrance  of  an  enormous  palace,  of  which  nothing 


now  remains.  Barbarity  and  fanaticism  have  greatly  injured  these 
monuments  ;  but  what  still  remains  of  them  indicates  that  they 
were  extremely  well  sculptured.  On  both  sides  of  the  throne  are 
female  figures,  fifteen  feet  high.  On  the  left  is  the  mother  of  the 
king,  and  on  the  right  his  wife.  The  upper  part  of  the  colossus 
was  destroyed  by  an  earthquake,  twenty-seven  years  before  Christ. 
After  that  time  the  remains  of  this  statue  began  to  give  musical 
sounds.  The  news  of  the  phenomenon  soon  spread,  and  pilgrims 
from  far  and  near  came  to  hear  the  wonderful  voice  of  the  divine 
Memnon,  as  the  Greeks  called  him.  Many  of  them  immortalized 
their  names,  by  inscribing  them  on  the  statue.  There  are  seventy- 
two,  and  among  them  we  find  the  names  of  the  emperor  Hadrian, 
and  Sabina  his  wife,  who  came  to  Egypt  one  hundred  and  thirty 
years  after  Christ.  This  mystery  is  now  explained.  The  fall  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  statue  left  a  rough  surface,  which  imbibed 
the  moisture  of  the  night  dew.  When  the  hot  rays  of  the  sun 
dried  this  dampness,  it  caused  great  action  in  the  stones,  thin  plates 
of  which  separated  or  burst  off,  which  caused  a  concussion  in  this 
fragile  stone,  and  hence  arose  the  sound  which  was  heard  at  sun- 
rise. Two  hundred  years  after  Christ,  the  Emperor  Septimus 
Severus  restored  the  statue.  Since  that  time  the  sound  has  not 
been  heard.  In  the  background  rise  the  Lybian  mountains,  with 
numerous  tombs  cut  in  the  rock  ;  to  the  right  of  the  colossi,  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountain,  are  situated  the  beautiful  ruins  of  the 
Ramesseme,  built  by  Rameses  III. 


No.  9.  —  View  of  the  City  of  Alexandria,  in  Egypt,  on  the 

Mediterranean. 

It  is  taken  from  a  sandhill,  where  stands  the  fortress  of  Cretin, 
built  by  Marshal  Marmot.  The  town  derives  its  name  from  its 
founder,  Alexander  the  Great,  three  hundred  and  thirty-two  years 
before  Christ.  There  is  nothing  of  its  ancient  edifices  to  be  seen, 
except  two  obelisks,  the  needles  of  Cleopatra,  and  Pompey's  pillar. 
This  city  was  strongly  fortified,  and  had  only  two  entrances.  Its 
circumference  was  ten  miles,  and  it  numbered  three  hundred 
thousand  inhabitants.  It  had  five  ports,  and  was  the  centre  of 
commerce  between  Europe  and  India.  It  rivalled  Athens  and 
Rome  in  the  arts  and  sciences.  The  royal  palace  occupied  about 
the  quarter  part  of  the  town  ;  in  it  were  the  museum  and  the 
famous  library,  with  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  manuscripts, 
with  which  Calif  Omar  heated  the  public  baths  for  six  months. 


6 

The  modern  town  owes  its  splendor  to  Mohommed  Ali.  The 
European  quarter  is  very  handsomely  built.  The  continued  im- 
provements in  this  part  of  the  town  indicate  its  necessary  impor- 
tance. It  contains  at  present  forty  thousand  inhabitants.  In  the 
foreground  of  the  picture  is  a  cemetery,  with  the  mausoleum,  built 
by  Mohommed  Ali  for  his  family. 


No.  10.  —  View  of  the  Pyramids  of  Ghizeh,  fonr  thousand 

years  old. 

They  are  on  the  left  share  of  the  Nile,  four  hours'  journey  from 
Cairo.  These  gigantic  monuments  are  situated  upon  an  eminence 
of  the  Lybian  Desert,  formed  by  limestone  rock,  one  hundred  and 
sixty-three  feet  above  the  Nile.  The  largest  of  these  Pyramids  is 
now  not  higher  than  four  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  since  the  summit 
has  lost  several  layers  of  stone,  which  once  rendered  it  the  highest 
building  in  the  world.  The  base  is,  on  each  side,  seven  hundred 
and  sixteen  feet  in  length  ;  it  was  erected  by  Pharaoh  Suphis 
Kupes  (Keops,)  and  destined  for  his  tomb.  The  second  was 
built  by  his  brother,  Kephren  ;  it  is  four  hundred  and  eighty  feet  in 
height,  and  retains  the  covering  on  the  summit  which  was  origi- 
nally common  to  all  the  Pyramids.  The  third  was  built  by  Menck- 
ere,  and  is  two  hundred  and  forty-four  feet.  In  the  whole  region 
round  the  Pyramids,  there  are  many  tombs  which  contain  mum- 
mies ;  and  here  also  is  the  gigantic  Sphinx,  cut  out  of  the  rock 
upon  which  the  Pyramids  stand,  but  it  is  not  known  by  whom 
The  length  is  one  hundred  and  seventeen  feet,  the  circumference 
of  the  head  eighty-one  feet,  the  height  fifty-one.  The  nose  is 
broken  off;  the  other  part  of  the  head  is  well  preserved  ;  the 
paws  are  quite  covered  by  the  sand,  but  in  proportion  to  the  body 
they  would  be  fifty  feet  in  length. 


No,  11.  — General  View  of  the  Holy  City  Jerusalem, 
from  East  to  West. 

It  is  taken  from  the  Mount  of  Olives,  400  feet  above  the  Valley 
of  Jehoshaphat,  and  on  the  spot  where  Christ  uttered  to  his  dis- 
ciples the  Lord's  Prayer.  In  the  foreground  may  be  seen  the 
ancient  city  walls,  with  the  golden  gate,  (now  walled  up,)  through 
which  Christ  entered  in  triumph  on  Palm-Sunday.  To  the  right 
is  St.  Stephen's  gate.     Within  the  walls  is  the  open  square,  and 


the  beautiful  Mosque  of  Omar — that  is,  Mount  Moriah — and  there 
stood  the  magnificent  temple  of  Solomon.  Mohammedans  only 
are  permitted  to  enter  this  place,  which  is  surrounded  by  several 
ancient  buildings.  To  the  left  is  another  mosque,  once  the  church 
of  Purification.  To  the  right  are  the  remains  of  the  Palace  of  the 
Knights  Templars,  and  the  former  palace  of  Pontius  Pilate,  now 
the  residence  of  the  governor.  Near  the  centre  of  the  town, 
where  are  seen  a  grey  and  white  cupola,  is  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre.  On  the  highest  point  is  the  citadel,  or  the  castle  of 
David  ;  and  to  the  left,  without  the  walls,  is  Mount  Zion,  on  which 
several  buildings  are  erected. 


No,  12,  — View  of  the  Waterfall  precipitating  630 
Feet,  near  the  Bath  Gastein,  in  the  Austrian  Alps. 

This  bath  is  situated  two  thousand  nine  hundred  and  thirty- 
nine  feet  above  the  sea,  in  a  chilly  but  beautiful  basin,  between 
two  mountains,  six  and  nine  thousand  feet  high.  In  the  distance, 
high  above  the  beholder,  is  the  Mount  Stulkogel ;  behind  the 
large  hotel  rises  the  Green  Shreckberg,  where  one  of  the  principal 
hot  springs  has  its  source.  The  upper  bridge,  which  conducts 
over  the  wild  river,  is  named  the  Terror  Bridge.  The  second  is 
the  bridge  leading  to  the  hotel,  to  which  is  added  a  glass-inclosed 
gallery,  that  enables  visitors  to  walk  in  rainy  weather. 

No.  13— View  of  the' Famous  Cataracts  of  the  Nile, 

They  are  on  the  frontier  of  Upper  Egypt  and  Nubia,  in  Africa, 
near  the  city  Assuan,  (Seyene,)  distant  seven  hundred  and  forty- 
four  miles  from  the  Mediterranean.  Before  the  Nile  reaches  the 
frontier  of  Egypt,  it  forms  five  cataracts.  The  one  here  repre- 
sented is  the  sixth — on  coming  from  the  sea,  the  first.  This  cata- 
ract is  formed  by  rocks  of  red  granite,  well  known  by  the  nume- 
rous monuments  taken  from  its  quarries.  On  both  shores  rise  the 
counterpoises  of  this  mountain,  which  the  river  must  break  through 
to  beat  its  path.  This  whole  river  is  full  of  large  and  small  granite 
blocks,  some  of  which  form  large  islands.  The  branch  of  the 
Nile  represented  in  this  picture  is  that  which  must  be  crossed  by 
travellers  who  wish  to  visit  Nubia.  The  moment  of  representation 
is  that  when  the  ship  upon  which  the  painter  of  this  cosmorama 
travelled,  was  drawn  over  the  cataracts  by  one  hundred  and  eighty 


8 

Nubian  men.  They  were  occupied  five  hours  in  passing  this  spot. 
Whilst  going  down  the  river,  this  dangerous  place  was  passed  in  a 
few  seconds. 


No,  14  —  View  of  Austrian  Brig  Carlo,  of  Venice, 

Represented  as  passing  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  at  sunrise,  after  a 
storm,  chased  by  a  Pirate  of  Morocco. 

No,  15,— General  View  of  the  Kings-Lake, 

This  Lake  offers  one  of  the  most  picturesque  prospects  in  the 
Bavarian  Alps ;  it  is  entirely  inclosed  by  mountains  from  6  to 
9000  feet  in  height,  in  the  distance  is  the  castle  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew, a  favorite  place  of  the  King  of  Bavaria. 

No.  16,  — A  heavy  Storm  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

It  is  represented  at  the  moment  when  the  French  Steamer 
Mentor  loses  her  mizzenmast.  The  artist  who  painted  this  cos- 
morama,  made  his  passage  in  this  steamer  from  Alexandria  to 
Greece,  in  August,  1842. 


' 


/ 


ADMISSION.  25  Cts.— CHILDREN,  12£  Cts. 

SEASON  TICKETS   FOR  SIXTH  SERIES,  50  CTS.  — NOT  TRANSFERABLE. 

1 I ! i , i 


CT7"  The  Exhibition  is  in  Gray's  Building,  CORNER  OF 
SUMMER  AND  WASHINGTON  STREETS,  and  is 
Open  Every  Day,  from  8  o'clock  in  the  Morning,  till  10  in  the 
Evening. 


